Showing posts with label ONU. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ONU. Show all posts

Sunday, January 22, 2017

The EPON LLID Management on ont llid

Function Description

This topic provides the commands related to the EPON Logical Link (Identity configuration LLID) configuration. The EPON LLID can be used to identify ONU in the system, and can be designated in ONU discovery process.

Function

The ont llid command is used to configure a DBA profile and stream control profile for the EPON ONT logical link identifier (LLID) in distributed mode. When you need to configure the upstream bandwidth, a DBA profile and stream control profile for the EPON ONT LLID in distributed mode, run this command.
The undo ont llid command is used to unbind a DBA profile and stream control profile from the EPON ONT LLID in distributed mode. When you need to unbind a DBA profile and stream control profile from the EPON ONT LLID in distributed mode, run this command.

Format

ont llid portid ontid llid-list {{ dba-profile-id profile-id | dba-profile-name profile-name } | ont-car { traffic-table-index | traffic-table-name traffic-table-name } }*
undo ont llid portid ontid llid-list { dba-profile | ont-car }*

Parameters

Parameter Description Value
portid Indicates the EPON port ID. Please see Differences Between Shelves.
ontid Indicates the ONT number. Numeral type. Range: varies with the board type.
llid-list Indicates the ONT LLID list. The ONT LLID list supports "," and "-". For example, the llid-list value 0, 2-3, indicates LLIDs 0, 2, and 3. Currently, LLID only supports 0. Character string type, a string of 1–13 characters.
The LLID is in the numeral type and ranges from 0–0.
dba-profile-id profile-id Indicates the DBA profile ID. To bind a DBA profile by specifying the profile ID, use this parameter. A DBA profile is used to configure the upstream bandwidth of the ONT. Numeral type. Range: 1–512.
dba-profile-name profile-name Indicates the DBA profile name. To bind a DBA profile by specifying the profile name, use this parameter. A DBA profile is used to configure the upstream bandwidth of the ONT. Character string type, a string of 1–33 characters.
ont-car traffic-table-index Indicates the traffic control profile ID. To set the CAR value in an ONT line profile, use this parameter. The traffic control profile is used to control downstream traffic of the ONT. Numeral type. Range: 0–1023.
traffic-table-name traffic-table-name Indicates the traffic control profile name. To set the CAR value in an ONT line profile, use this parameter. The traffic control profile is used to control downstream traffic of the ONT. Character string type, a string of 1–32 characters.

Modes

EPON mode, OSN 6800

Level

Operator level

Usage Guidelines

  • Run the config command to enter global config mode, and then run the interface epon command to enter EPON mode.
  • This command is used to configure a DBA profile and stream profile in distributed mode. This command and the command for configuring a DBA profile and stream control profile in service profile mode are mutually exclusive. If a DBA profile and stream profile have been configured in service profile mode and you need to run this command, run the undo llid command to cancel the default values of the DBA profile and stream control profile in service profile mode first. If this command has been executed and you need to bind the LLID with a DBA profile or CAR profile in service profile mode, run the undo ont llid command in the EPON mode to unbind the DBA profile and stream control profile from the LLID first.
  • When a DBA profile is not bound to the LLID in service profile mode or discrete mode, the default bandwidth is assured bandwidth and is 2 M.
  • The restrictions of the upstream bandwidth of PON port the ONT related to are as follows:
    • The fixed bandwidth and assured bandwidth of all the TCONT of all the ONTs reated to the PON port must be smaller than, or equal to the allocable bandwidth of the PON port. The added ONT will use bandwdth, and the allocable bandwidth of the PON port will decrease. You can run the display port info(gpon) command to query the maxium allocable bandwidth of the PON port. The queried result is the allacable bandwith minus the ONT fixed bandwidth cost, and the fixed bandwidth and assured bandwidth that have been allocated.
    • The maximum bandwidth configured in the DBA profile the ONT bound to must be smaller than, or equal to the maximum allocable bandwidth of the PON port that the ONT is related to. You can run the display port info(gpon) command about the PON port that has not been bound by an ONT to query the maximum allocable bandwidth of the PON port.

Example

To bind DBA profile 2 and traffic control profile 2 to ONT LLID 0, do as follows:
huawei(config-if-epon-0/3)#ont llid
{ portid<U><0,7> }:0
{ ontid<U><0,63> }:0
{ llid-list<S><Length 1-13> }:0
{ dba-profile-id<K>|dba-profile-name<K>|ont-car<K> }:dba-profile-id
{ profile-id<U><1,512> }:2
{ <cr>|ont-car<K> }:ont-car
{ traffic-table-index<U><0,1023>| traffic-table-name<K> }:2

  Command:
          ont llid 0 0 0 dba-profile-id 2 ont-car 2
To unbind DBA profile 2 and traffic control profile 2 to ONT LLID, do as follows:
huawei(config-if-epon-0/3)#undo ont llid
{ portid<U><0,63> }:0
{ ontid<U><0,63> }:0
{ llid-list<S><Length 1-13> }:0
{ dba-profile<K>|ont-car<K> }:dba-profile
{ <cr>|ont-car<K> }:ont-car

  Command:
          undo ont llid 0 0 0 dba-profile ont-car

Thursday, November 3, 2016

GPON ONT Line Profile Configuration(gem modify)

gem modify

Function

This command is used to modify the attributes of a GEM Index in an ONT line profile, to meet the requirement for the binding between the GEM port and the T-CONT so that the GEM port can carry services properly.

Format

gem modify gem-index { tcont tcontid | encrypt encrypt | cascade cascade | { { priority-queue priority-queue | downstream-priority-queue { downstream-priority-queue | adapt } } * | gem-car { traffic-table-index | traffic-table-name traffic-table-name } } } *

Parameters

Parameter Description Value
gem-index Indicates the index of a GEM port. Numeral type. Range: 0-1023.
tcont tcontid Configures the TCONT for a specified GEM port. Numeral type. Range: 0-127.
encrypt encrypt Configures the encryption function for a specified GEM port. If the encryption function is enabled and the ONU supports the upstream encryption function, the system automatically enables the upstream encryption function. When the encryption function is enabled, the device encrypts the services on the GEM port to enhance the data security. The line encryption algorithms used in GPON systems neither increase overhead nor decrease bandwidth usages. Enumerated type. Options: on and off.
Default: off.
cascade cascade Configures the subtending attribute for a specified GEM port. To specify a port as a subtending port, use this parameter.
In FTTB scenario, if an OLT only needs to aggregate ONU traffic, the OLT can enable the cascading function of the GEM index connecting to the ONU. After the function is enabled, the OLT cannot switch the VLAN ID of packets sent by an ONU nor process protocol packets sent by the ONU (except ARP, IGMP, and DHCP L3 relay packets). Enabling the function reduces the packet processing workload on the OLT.
Enumerated type. Options: on and off.
Default: off.
priority-queue priority-queue Configures the upstream PQ queue priority for a specified GEM port in a T-CONT.
When this parameter is used, the mode parameter in the qos-mode(gpon profile) command must be priority-queue. By default, there are eight queues in the system with ID ranging from 0 to 7. Queue 7 has the highest priority and therefore the traffic of queue 7 must be transmitted with the highest priority. The maximum traffic is determined by the DBA profile bound to the T-CONT.
This parameter must match the ONT capability. If the ONT supports only four queues, values 0-3 are valid and values 4-7 are invalid.
Numeral type. Range: 0-7.
Default value: 0.
gem-car traffic-table-index Binds a traffic table to a specified GEM port.
When this parameter is used, the mode parameter in the qos-mode(gpon profile) command must be gem-car. The maximum traffic is determined by the DBA profile bound to the GEM port.
Numeral type. Range: 0-1023.
traffic-table-name traffic-table-name Binds a traffic profile to a specified GEM port. The traffic profile name is used to specify the traffic profile. When this parameter is used, the mode parameter in the qos-mode(gpon profile) command must be gem-car. The maximum traffic is determined by the traffic profile bound to the GEM port. Character string type, a string of 1–32 characters.
downstream-priority-queue downstream-priority-queue Specifies the downstream PQ queue priority for a GEM port used by an ETH port.
When the PQ queue priority mode is configured, users specify the queue for sending the downstream data of the GEM port used by the ETH port. Data needs to be sent strictly based on the PQ queue priority.
By default, the system supports eight queues ranging from 0 to 7. 7 indicates the highest priority. Transmission of traffic with the highest priority is ensured preferentially. If queues from 4 to 7 are configured, configuration fails when ONT supports four queues with IDs ranging from 0 to 3.
NOTE:
When the mapping-mode is vlan, priority, vlan-priority, iptos, or vlan-iptos, the system does not support configuring the downstream PQ queue priority for a GEM port.
Numeral type. Range: 0-7.
adapt Configures the downstream PQ queue priority for a GEM port used by an ETH port as the adapt mode. It indicates OLT does not specify the queue sending the downstream data of the GEM port. The queue is determined by the ONT. -

Modes

GPON ONT line profile mode

Level

Operator level

Usage Guidelines

  • Run the config command to enter the global config mode, and then run the ont-lineprofile gpon command to enter the the GPON ONT line profile mode.
  • After running this command, you need to run the commit command. Then, the configuration performed through this command can take effect.
  • The index of the GEM port in different ONT line profile can be the same.
  • The downstream PQ priority mode takes effect after the mapping between the downstream PQ priority mode and the ONT ETH port is specified by running the gem mapping command.

Example

To modify the downstream encryption attribute and subtending attribute of GEM port 1 in ONT line profile 10 to on, do as follows:
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-10)#gem modify                           
{ gem-index<U><0,1023> }:1                                                       
{ cascade<K>|downstream-priority-queue<K>|encrypt<K>|gem-car<K>|priority-queue<K
>|tcont<K> }:encrypt                  
{ encrypt<E><on,off> }:on                                                      
{ <cr>|cascade<K>|downstream-priority-queue<K>|gem-car<K>|priority-queue<K>|tcon
t<K> }:cascade                        
{ cascade<E><on,off> }:on                                                       
{ <cr>|downstream-priority-queue<K>|gem-car<K>|priority-queue<K>|tcont<K> }:                  
                                                                                                        
  Command:                                                                      
          gem modify 1 encrypt on cascade on 

huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-10)#commit

System Response

  • The system does not display any message after the command is executed successfully.

Friday, October 7, 2016

GPON Upstream Port Configuration----display gpon-port statistic(gponnni)

Function

This command is used to query the statistics of a GPON port. Based on the statistics, you can learn about the information about the current port traffic and the line condition.

Format

display gpon-port statistic

Parameters

None

Modes

GPONNNI mode, MA5683T, OLT

Level

Operator level

Usage Guidelines

Run the config command to enter global config mode, and then run the interface gponnni command to enter GPONNNI mode.

Example

To query the statistics of a GPON port, do as follows:
huawei(config-if-gponnni-0/19/0)#display gpon-port statistic                    
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Received frames                                  : 4622775
  Received bytes                                   : 524672168
  Received unicast frames                          : 241613
  Received multicast frames                        : 502923
  Received broadcast frames                        : 3878239
  Received 64-byte frames                          : -
  Received 65~127-byte frames                      : -
  Received 128~255-byte frames                     : -
  Received 256~511-byte frames                     : -
  Received 512~1023-byte frames                    : -
  Received 1024~1518-byte frames                   : -
  Received over 1518-byte frames                   : -
  Received undersize frames                        : -
  Received oversize frames                         : -
  Received CRC error frames                        : 36
  Received discarded frames                        : -
  Sent frames                                      : 69971
  Sent bytes                                       : 10170870
  Sent unicast frames                              : 69389
  Sent multicast frames                            : 2
  Sent broadcast frames                            : 580
  Sent 64-byte frames                              : -
  Sent 65~127-byte frames                          : -
  Sent 128~255-byte frames                         : -
  Sent 256~511-byte frames                         : -
  Sent 512~1023-byte frames                        : -
  Sent 1024~1518-byte frames                       : -
  Sent over 1518-byte frames                       : -
  Sent discarded frames                            : 0

  Up OMCI cells statistics                         : 3233
  Down OMCI cells statistics                       : 3036
  Up ethernet frames statistics                    : 69971
  Down ethernet frames statistics                  : 4622775
  Up PLOAM messages statistics                     : 255
  Down PLOAM messages statistics                   : 383447
  Up GEM frames statistics                         : -
  Down GEM frames statistics                       : -
  Up service frames statistics                     : -
  Down service frames statistics                   : -
  Down CPU frames statistics                       : -
  Down error frames statistics                     : -
  Up and down discard ethernet frames statistics   : 0
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE:
The queried results obtained through this command vary according to board hardware configurations. The following example is for reference only.

System Response

  • The system displays the queried result when the command runs successfully.
  • The following table describes the parameters in response to this command.
    Parameter Description
    Received frames Indicates the number of frames received on the GPON port.
    Received bytes Indicates the number of bytes received on the GPON port.
    Received unicast frames Indicates the number of unicast frames received on the GPON port.
    Received multicast frames Indicates the number of multicast frames received on the GPON port.
    Received broadcast frames Indicates the number of broadcast frames received on the GPON port.
    Received 64-byte frames Indicates the number of 64-byte frames received on the GPON port.
    Received 65~127-byte frames Indicates the number of 65-127-byte frames received on the GPON port.
    Received 128~255-byte frames Indicates the number of 128-255-byte frames received on the GPON port.
    Received 256~511-byte frames Indicates the number of 256-511-byte frames received on the GPON port.
    Received 512~1023-byte frames Indicates the number of 512-1023-byte frames received on the GPON port.
    Received 1024~1518-byte frames Indicates the number of 1024-1518-byte frames received on the GPON port.
    Received over 1518-byte frames Indicates the number of over 1518-byte frames received on the GPON port.
    Received undersize frames Indicates the number of undersized frames received on the GPON port.
    Received oversize frames Indicates the number of oversized frames received on the GPON port.
    Received CRC error frames Indicates the number of the frames with CRC errors received on the GPON port.
    Received discarded frames Indicates the number of discarded frames received on the GPON port.
    Sent frames Indicates the number of frames sent from the GPON port.
    Sent bytes Indicates the number of bytes sent from the GPON port.
    Sent unicast frames Indicates the number of unicast frames sent from the GPON port.
    Sent multicast frames Indicates the number of multicast frames sent from the GPON port.
    Sent broadcast frames Indicates the number of broadcast frames sent from the GPON port.
    Sent 64-byte frames Indicates the number of 64-byte frames sent from the GPON port.
    Sent 65~127-byte frames Indicates the number of frames with 65-127 bytes sent from the GPON port.
    Sent 128~255-byte frames Indicates the number of frames with 128 to 255 bytes sent from the GPON port.
    Sent 256~511-byte frames Indicates the number of frames with 256 to 511 bytes sent from the GPON port.
    Sent 512~1023-byte frames Indicates the number of frames with 512 to 1023 bytes sent from the GPON port.
    Sent 1024~1518-byte frames Indicates the number of frames with 1024 to 1518 bytes sent from the GPON port.
    Sent over 1518-byte frames Indicates the number of frames with more than 1518 bytes sent from the GPON port.
    Sent discarded frames Indicates the number of discarded frames sent on the GPON port.
    Up OMCI cells statistics Indicates the number of upstream OMCI cells.
    Down OMCI cells statistics Indicates the number of downstream OMCI cells.
    Up ethernet frames statistics Indicates the number of upstream Ethernet frames.
    Down ethernet frames statistics Indicates the number of downstream Ethernet frames.
    Up PLOAM messages statistics Indicates the number of upstream PLOAM messages. The PLOAM message is used to manage and maintain the ONU (ONT).
    Down PLOAM messages statistics Indicates the number of downstream PLOAM messages. The PLOAM message is used to manage and maintain the ONU (ONT).
    Up GEM frames statistics Indicates the number of upstream GEM frames.
    Down GEM frames statistics Indicates the number of downstream GEM frames.
    Up service frames statistics Indicates the number of downstream service frames.
    Down service frames statistics Indicates the number of upstream service frames.
    Down CPU frames statistics Indicates the number of downstream CPU frames.
    Down error frames statistics Indicates the number of downstream error frames.
    Up and down discard ethernet frames statistics Indicates the number of discarded upstream and downstream Ethernet frames.
  • For more information about the error message that the system displays against a command entered with incorrect syntax. 

MORE BLOG:

Monday, August 29, 2016

GPON Service Multiplexing

GPON encapsulation mode (GEM) ports and transmission containers (T-CONTs) divide a PON network into virtual connections for service multiplexing.
  • Each GEM port can carry one or more types of service stream. After carrying service streams, a GEM port must be mapped to a T-CONT before upstream service scheduling. Each ONU supports multiple T-CONTs that can have different service types.
  • A T-CONT can be bound to one or more GEM ports, depending on customers' data plan. On the OLT, GEM ports are demodulated from the T-CONT and then service streams are demodulated from the GEM port payload for further processing.
Service Mapping Relationships

  • In the upstream direction,
    • An ONU sends Ethernet frames to GEM ports based on configured mapping rules between service ports and GEM ports. Then, the GEM ports encapsulate the Ethernet frames into GEM packet data units (PDUs) and add these PDUs to T-CONT queues based on mapping rules between GEM ports and T-CONT queues. Then, the T-CONT queues use timeslots for upstream transmission to send GEM PDUs to the OLT.
    • The OLT receives the GEM PDUs and obtains Ethernet frames from them. Then, the OLT sends Ethernet frames from a specified uplink port based on mapping rules between service ports and uplink ports.
    Figure 1 shows GPON service mapping relationships in the upstream direction.
    Figure 1 GPON service mapping relationships in the upstream direction
  • In the downstream direction,
    • The OLT sends Ethernet frames to the GPON service processing module based on configured mapping rules between service ports and uplink ports. The GPON service processing module then encapsulates the Ethernet frames into GEM PDUs for downstream transmission using a GPON port.
    • GPON transmission convergence (GTC) frames containing GEM PDUs are broadcast to all ONUs connected to the GPON port.
    • The ONU filters the received data according to the GEM port ID contained in the GEM PDU header and retains the data only belonging to the GEM ports of this ONU. Then, the ONU decapsulates the data to Ethernet frames and sends them to end users using service ports.
    Figure 2 shows GPON service mapping relationships in the downstream direction.
    Figure 2 GPON service mapping relationships in the downstream direction

MORE BLOG:

GPON Networking Applications

GPON is a passive optical transmission technology that applies in FTTx solutions, including fiber to the building (FTTB), fiber to the curb (FTTC), fiber to the door (FTTD), fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the mobile base station (FTTM), fiber to the office (FTTO), and fiber to the WLAN (FTTW), for voice, data, video, private line access, and base station access services. Figure 1 shows FTTx networking applications.
Figure 1 FTTx networking applications
The FTTx network applications in GPON access have the following in common: The data, voice, and video signals of terminal users are sent to ONUs, where the signals are converted into Ethernet packets and then transmitted over optical fibers to the OLT using the GPON uplink ports on the ONUs. Then, the Ethernet packets are forwarded to the upper-layer IP network using the uplink port on the OLT.
  • FTTB/FTTC: The OLT is connected to ONUs in corridors (FTTB) or by the curb (FTTC) using an optical distribution network (ODN). The ONUs are then connected to user terminals using xDSL. FTTB/FTTC is applicable to densely-populated residential communities or office buildings. In this scenario, FTTB/FTTC provides services of certain bandwidth for common users.
  • FTTD: uses existing access media at user homes to resolve drop fiber issues in FTTH scenarios.
  • FTTH: The OLT connects to ONTs at user homes using an ODN network. FTTH is applicable to new apartments or villas in loose distribution. In this scenario, FTTH provides services of higher bandwidth for high-end users.
  • FTTM: The OLT is connected to ONUs using an ODN network. The ONUs are then connected to wireless base stations using E1. The OLT connects wireless base stations to the core IP bearer network using optical access technologies. This implementation mode is not only simpler than traditional SDH/ATM private line technologies, but also drives down the costs of base station backhaul. FTTM is applicable to reconstruction and capacity expansion of mobile bearer networks. In this scenario, FTTM converges the fixed network and the mobile network on the bearer plane.
  • FTTO: The OLT is connected to enterprise ONUs using an ODN network. The ONUs are connected to user terminals using FE, POTS, or Wi-Fi. QinQ VLAN encapsulation is implemented on the ONUs and the OLT. In this way, transparent and secure data channels can be set up between the enterprise private networks located at different places, and therefore the service data and BPDUs between the enterprise private networks can be transparently transmitted over the public network. FTTO is applicable to enterprise networks. In this scenario, FTTO implements TDM PBX, IP PBX, and private line service in the enterprise intranets.
  • FTTW: The OLT connects to ONUs using an ODN network, the ONUs connect to access points (APs) using GE for WLAN traffic backhaul. FTTW is the trend in Wi-Fi construction.

MORE BLOG:

Thursday, May 12, 2016

What’s the Line Encryption of GPON

Context

In the PON system, downstream data is broadcast to all ONUs. As a result, downstream data destined for certain ONUs or all ONUs may be intercepted by illegal users.
Figure 1 Downstream data transmit process 

Working Principle

Line encryption technologies are required to eliminate the data theft risk, Figure 2 shows line encryption process.
Figure 2 Line encryption process 
· The encryption algorithm to be used is the advanced encryption standard (AES).
· The 10G GPON systems use the AES-128 encryption algorithm.

Highlight and Application

· The line encryption algorithms neither increase overhead nor decrease bandwidth usages.
· The line encryption algorithms will not prolong transmission delays.
· Enable line encryption if the usage scenarios promote high security requirements

More related:

How to Control Board Failure After an MxU Service Port Is Bound to a Rate Unlimited


What’s the Authentication of GPON

Context

In the PON system, downstream data is broadcast to all ONUs. As a result, downstream data destined for certain ONUs or all ONUs may be intercepted by illegal users.
Figure 1 Authentication process 
An optical line terminal (OLT) authenticates an optical network unit (ONU) based on the authentication information reported by the ONU and rejects unauthorized ONUs. Only authenticated ONUs can access a passive optical network (PON). This function enables carriers to manage and maintain devices on the PON network flexibly and conveniently.

Authentication Modes

10G GPON support three authentication modes:
· SN
· SN + Password
· Password
NOTE: The difference between the authentication for a 10G GPON terminal and that for a GPON terminal is that the authentication for a 10G GPON terminal expands the password length from 10 bytes to 36 bytes.

Authentication Process

Figure 2 shows the authentication process:
Figure 2 Authentication Process 
The authentication process include six states:
· O1: Initial state.
· O2-3: Serial Number state.
· O4: Ranging state.
· O5: Operation state.
· O6: Intermittent LODS state.
· O7: Emergency Stop state.
The authentication process include two timers:
· TO1: Ranging timer.
· TO2: LODS timer.


More related:

When Interruption of Existing Services on Some Data Boards of OSN Products

Thursday, May 5, 2016

Burst Optical/Electrical Technology

TDMA is used in GPON upstream direction. An ONU transmits data only within the allocated timeslots. In the timeslots that are not allocated to it, the ONU immediately disables the transmission of its optical transceiver to prevent other ONUs from being affected. The OLT then receives the upstream data from each ONU in a burst manner based on timeslots. Therefore, both OLT and ONU optical modules must support burst receive and transmit function to ensure normal running of the GPON system. shows the burst transmit function supported by ONU optical modules, and  shows the burst receive function supported by OLT optical modules.
Burst transmit function supported by ONU optical modules
Ranging can be implemented to prevent cells transmitted by different ONUs from conflicting with each other on the OLT. However, the ranging accuracy is ± 1 bit and the cells transmitted by different ONUs have a protection time of several bits (not a multiple of 1 bit). If the ONU optical modules do not support the burst receive and transmit function, the transmitted signals overlap and distortion occurs.
NOTE:
In the GPON system, all data is broadcast downstream to ONUs. The transmission requires OLT optical modules to transmit optical signals continuously and ONU optical modules to receive optical signals continuously. Therefore, these optical modules are not required to support the burst receive and transmit function.
 Burst receive function supported by OLT optical modules
  • The distance from each ONU to the OLT varies and therefore the optical signal attenuation varies for each ONU. As a result, the power and level of packets received by an OLT at different timeslots various.
  • If the OLT optical modules do not support the burst receive and transmit function, an error occurs when the optical signals sent by the ONU with a long transmission distance and large optical attenuation are recovered on the OLT because the optical power level is less than the threshold (only the signals with the optical power level greater than the threshold can be recovered). Dynamic threshold adjustment enables the OLT to dynamically adjust the threshold for optical power levels based on the strengths of signals received by the OLT. This ensures that all ONU signals can be recovered.

Wednesday, April 27, 2016

GPON Networking Applications

GPON is a passive optical transmission technology that applies in FTTx solutions, including fiber to the building (FTTB), fiber to the curb (FTTC), fiber to the door (FTTD), fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the mobile base station (FTTM), fiber to the office (FTTO), and fiber to the WLAN (FTTW), for voice, data, video, private line access, and base station access services.
The FTTx network applications in GPON access have the following in common: The data, voice, and video signals of terminal users are sent to ONUs, where the signals are converted into Ethernet packets and then transmitted over optical fibers to the OLT using the GPON uplink ports on the ONUs. Then, the Ethernet packets are forwarded to the upper-layer IP network using the uplink port on the OLT.
  • FTTB/FTTC: The OLT is connected to ONUs in corridors (FTTB) or by the curb (FTTC) using an optical distribution network (ODN). The ONUs are then connected to user terminals using xDSL. FTTB/FTTC is applicable to densely-populated residential communities or office buildings. In this scenario, FTTB/FTTC provides services of certain bandwidth for common users.
  • FTTD: uses existing access media at user homes to resolve drop fiber issues in FTTH scenarios.
  • FTTH: The OLT connects to ONTs at user homes using an ODN network. FTTH is applicable to new apartments or villas in loose distribution. In this scenario, FTTH provides services of higher bandwidth for high-end users.
  • FTTM: The OLT is connected to ONUs using an ODN network. The ONUs are then connected to wireless base stations using E1. The OLT connects wireless base stations to the core IP bearer network using optical access technologies. This implementation mode is not only simpler than traditional SDH/ATM private line technologies, but also drives down the costs of base station backhaul. FTTM is applicable to reconstruction and capacity expansion of mobile bearer networks. In this scenario, FTTM converges the fixed network and the mobile network on the bearer plane.
  • FTTO: The OLT is connected to enterprise ONUs using an ODN network. The ONUs are connected to user terminals using FE, POTS, or Wi-Fi. QinQ VLAN encapsulation is implemented on the ONUs and the OLT. In this way, transparent and secure data channels can be set up between the enterprise private networks located at different places, and therefore the service data and BPDUs between the enterprise private networks can be transparently transmitted over the public network. FTTO is applicable to enterprise networks. In this scenario, FTTO implements TDM PBX, IP PBX, and private line service in the enterprise intranets.
  • FTTW: The OLT connects to ONUs using an ODN network, the ONUs connect to access points (APs) using GE for WLAN traffic backhaul. FTTW is the trend in Wi-Fi construction.

More related: